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1085 General Anatomy and physiology

Nursing Assignment Help

Introduction:
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to the blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. As a medical professor, I will provide answers to the given content on AMI, focusing on the anatomy structures affected, their functions in a normal body, complications, and diagnostic methods.

a) Anatomy structures that can be affected during Acute Myocardial Infarction include:
– Coronary Arteries: These blood vessels supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. The blockage of one or more coronary arteries can lead to AMI.
– Myocardium: The myocardium is the thick, muscular layer of the heart responsible for pumping blood. During AMI, the blood flow to this tissue is disrupted, resulting in damage or death of myocardial cells.

b) Functions of the implicated anatomy structures in a normal body:
– Coronary Arteries: The coronary arteries play a crucial role in maintaining adequate blood supply to the heart muscle. They ensure a constant oxygen and nutrient supply for the normal functioning of the myocardium.
– Myocardium: The myocardium contracts to pump oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. It is responsible for maintaining systemic circulation and delivering essential nutrients and oxygen to various organs.

c) Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction:
– Arrhythmias: AMI can disrupt the electrical signals that coordinate heartbeats, leading to abnormal heart rhythms such as ventricular fibrillation or bradycardia.
– Heart Failure: The loss of myocardial cells impairs the heart’s ability to pump effectively, leading to heart failure and fluid accumulation in the lungs and other body tissues.
– Cardiogenic Shock: In severe cases of AMI, insufficient blood pumping by the damaged heart muscle can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and organ failure.
– Ventricular Aneurysm: The weakened area of the heart muscle may bulge out, forming an aneurysm, which can disrupt normal heart functioning.

d) Enzymatic diagnostic:
During AMI, the damaged myocardial cells release specific enzymes into the bloodstream. Evaluating the levels of these enzymes, such as troponin, creatinine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, through blood tests helps diagnose AMI and assess its severity.

e) EKG diagnostic (topography of the Myocardial Infarction):
Electrocardiogram (EKG) is a widely used diagnostic tool for AMI. The EKG tracing can provide information about the location and extent of the myocardial damage. The characteristic changes seen on the EKG, such as ST-segment elevation or depression, can help determine the affected area of the heart and guide appropriate treatment decisions.

(Note: The mentioned textbook, “Anatomy, Physiology and Disease. 3rd Edition, Colbert B.J. (2020),” may contain further detailed information on this topic. It is recommended for students to refer to the textbook for comprehensive understanding and additional resources.)